Friday, May 31, 2019

Conflict Resolution :: essays research papers

The city of Bedford Falls has two men who share similar duties and whose conflicts have caused a great deal of inefficiencies and accentuate among the other city workers. On a number of occasions, the coach of Municipal Services has been present in situations where a conflict has occurred between Mr. Kelly and Mr. Booker. He waits them out, whence when both gentlemen leave with no resolution to their differences, the Director calls upon other city employees who witnessed the conflict and asks what they feel was actually going on. The city employees will comment on being concerned about Mr. Kellys attitude toward the employees and Mr. Booker, about Mr. Bookers attitude toward Mr. Kellys short-comings, and how often city workers are caught in the middle of the conflicts that occur between these two. After the Director hears out the workers, no changes have yet to be noted. Mr. Kelly was hired as a laborer approximately 10 years ago. The town hired him after(prenominal) he left a similar job in another location. After five years, due to a rearrangement in the management structure and the qualifying of several upper management personnel, he was promoted to the attitude of Assistant Superintendent of Public Works. He worked immediately under the Superintendent of Public Works and was accountable for assisting his supervisor in various duties, overseeing work crews, and filling in for the Superintendent in his absence. Mr. Kelly held the position of Assistant Superintendent of Public Works for 2 years and basically served as an errand boy for the Superintendent. At this time, another restructure took place and several more upper management personnel were let go. Mr. Kelly was then do Director of Public Works, which basically is the same job he already had but with a bit more responsibility. He was now responsible for identification of work crews and personnel (approx. 40-50 employees) as needed to conduct Conflict Resolution 3necessary town business such a s purchasing, sanitation, water & cloaca maintenance, and the like. He works directly under the Director of Municipal Services, which is basically a desk job/paper pushing version of the Superintendent of Public Works. Mr. Kelly has held this position for the last 3 years and has managed to keep his job, although not due to any efficiency of action or management skills. It is suspected he has done that with the assistant of the Director of Municipal Services, who is a personal friend to Mr.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

The Simple Life and the Corruption of Technology :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Simple Life and the Corruption of TechnologyLets take it home boysNot really paying attention to our altitude, we headed towards understructure after a flawless mission once against an enemy tank. As we reached the jungles edge, anti-aircraft shells began exploding all around us. I ordered the formation to climb as fast as possible.Almost as quickly as I had given the order, my skim was hit. Luckily, the round didnt explode, but had traveled through the center of the fuselage. I realized my plane was fatally crippled, including my ejection seat. As my plane fell into the jungle, I woke up.Though I did not know what had drawn me from the dream, I had an idea it was the splitting trouble in my outgrowth. As the pain slowly crept up my leg, I became aware of my surroundings. I could now feel the perspiration on my face and faintly visit mumbled voices I was not in my bed. As I opened my eyes to blurry vision, I made out dark moving objects among a place setting of fire. Liste ning closely, I realized it was people speaking a foreign tongue.Moving my eyes from the dark skinned, scantly clad humans to my leg, I found the origination of my pain. Driven through my left leg was a sharp piece of metal from the wreckage that surrounded me. With a swift jerk from one of my assumed rescuers, my leg was free of metal, and I was passed out from the pain.I awoke in a hut made of large leaves, mud, and grasses. The light crackle of the fire outside could be comprehend over the voices of the people surrounding it. I asked my self, Where am I? How did I get here? With my questions I made an astonishing discoin truth I could not remember who I wasFeeling myself panic, I did the best to calm down and analyzed the situation. I had been pulled from some type of wreckage, but of what? The people who had saved me were very primitive. They wore little more than a loin cloth of a cheap textile, and they had dressed me the same. They were eating some yellow muck from wooden b owls and again my ears greeted the new language. Trying to sit up, I flexed my leg and a crippling pain powered a scream from the bottom of my lungs.My scream had caught the attention of those who had been talk outside.

The Recipe for Nature Essay -- Daniel Dennett Algorithm Essays

The Recipe for NatureMissing Works CitedNature is a fluid coalescence of complex magnificence endinging from an algorithmic mastery of simplicity. It is no doubt an awe-inspiring entity that invokes both great curiosity and bafflement in those who attempt to explanation for its existence and splendor. It is often seen as overly reductionistic, if not risky, to try to condense the (mindless?) brilliance of nature through any sort of mechanistic or logical means. And here we are faced with what Daniel Dennett calls Darwins desperate idea that all the fruits of evolution can be explained as the products of an algorithmic exercise (Dennett, 1995 p.60). It is no surprise that this idea might present a chore for the Homo-sapien ego, as it jeopardizes our egocentric concept of natural superiority, as well as fails to satisfy our almost insatiable need to directly account for the expansiveness of the earthly concern around us. That is, for many of us it is somehow pessimistic, if not fatalistic, to be satisfied with the idea that we are products of nothing more than a mindless mechanical process (what a dangerous idea this is) (Dennett, 1995 p.60). The question then inevitably arises Is Darwins theory of natural selection really powerful enough to can account for all of the worlds design act as (i.e., the time, energy and development needed to produce a complex outcome)? (Dennett, 1995) The answer is yes, but only later nature has been unraveled in terms of an algorithmic design and only after the many misunderstandings of Darwins fundamental ideas have been rectified. If we are to discuss nature and natural selection in terms of being an algorithmic process, we must first define what is meant by an algorithm. An... ...Principle of Accumulation of Design refers to the fact that the complexity of design work found in nature can be accounted for, not by a definite design process preformed by a designer, but by a different sort of process that distributed that work over huge amounts of time, by thriftily conserving the design work that had been accomplished at each stage, so that it didnt have to be done over again (Dennett, 68). This idea of distributed design work is certainly in line with natures wordy advancement in terms of complexity and order of organisms (Dennett, 69). Furthermore, the Principle of Accumulation of Design does not apply to work done as a result of a single unifying algorithmic process, but to the work done by a large class of related algorithms, the conglomeration of which is responsible for the complexity found in nature today (Dennett, 51).

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

a brief story :: essays research papers fc

A brief storyHaving lived in the United States for over four years, I find myself working harder and harder every daylight and not getting anywhere. Until finally I got a break of a lifetime, I charter find a job that would not only digest me a few bucks more, and why not. Working at a fast food restaurant was not something I wanted to do for the rest of my life.So anyhow, that break came when I applied with a prestige airline. Who ever would think that I wouldve gotten such a job. This airline was looking for a responsible person, individualised skills, and the ability to work under pressure. Tired of working my behind for only a few pennies, I went for an interview, and to my surprise I received a reverberate call the following morning from the person who interviewed me, telling me that I have gotten hired, that I got the job. I felt so happy and relieved to hear the wakeless news, and promptly asked when could I start working?Before starting my new job I had to go through t raining. They explained to me every single detail round the company, the companies rules, etc. Within two weeks I had the job of a Customer Representative. Handling phone calls from left to right, and handling customers accounts.Anyhow, let me amphetamine up the story a little.Ive been working with this company for over a year now, and it has sure brought me a lot of athletics and of course, lets not immobilize the stress too. But no matter what the consequences, I am satisfied with my new job. I tell you, working for an airline sure has its good and sorry side.What are the good sides of working at an airline?For one thing you get to travel for free, almost anywhere in the country. I for instance have taken a few trips of my own. I have been to New York, Atlantic City, Texas, Florida, and San Francisco, just to name some of the place Ive visited.Florida, was, well, I guess what everyone expects it to be. I got the chance to go to Disney World, and to some of its beaches. I took a lot of pictures, and dance till my feet could not move any more. I interacted with different kinds of people, which it was sort of fun in a way too.

Attention Deficit Disorder :: essays research papers

Attection Deficit DisorderTo be nobody-but-myself--in a world which is doing its best, night and day, to makeyou everybody else-means to fight the hardest affair which any human being canfight, and never stop fighting.                              -E.E. Cummings, 1958 Attention Deficit Disorder is a long and some what mysterious sounding style that tries to describe something you probably already call Hyperactivity. But, attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is more than more that Hyperactivity.History of ADDIn 1902 children who demonstrated many of the symptoms that be today part of attentiondeficit disorder would be described as children with "morbid defects in moral control". Inthe 1940s, children exhibiting this form of behavior were diagnosed with " idea injuredsyndrome" because children with brain injuries from disease or trauma behave in much the same way. Any child displaying these behaviors regardless of evidence of brain injurywere diagnosed as having brain injury syndrome.What Causes ADD?ADD may be caused by a abnormally from trauma, disease, fetal exposure to alcohol andtobacco, or high levels of Lead. In parts of the brain there is a diminished activity in themorphology and frontal region of the brain.Statistics of ADDMost of the diagnosis is at childhood. Experts say that over 2 million (3 to 5%) childrenhave ADD. About 50% of these 2 million children who have ADD are believed to beunderachievers. Also with this 50% the children are believed to have social and academicdifficulties. About 40% of the 2 million have a 40% IQ discrepancy. The merry part is that80% - 90% of these children receive medication for there problem, but most of them stillneed behavior modifications. Most schools help with that.Behaviors Observed in ADDSome characteristics are           -Makes careless mistakes in school work.     -Dislikes tasks that involve sustaining mental effort.     -Has difficulty sustaining attention.     -Does not seem to listen when spoken to.     -Often loses things.     -Does not quest for through on instructions.     -Often distracted.     -Has difficulty organizing tasks.     -Often forgetful in daily activities.Six or more of the following symptoms will result in the diagnosis of peractivity-impulsivity     Hyperactivity                    Impulsivity     Fidgets or squirms               Often talks excessively     Often leaves seat in classroom           Often blurts out answers     Often runs about inappropriately     Often has difficulty postponement turn     Difficulty playing quietly               Often interrupts othersAlso while the person with ADD gets older the Impulsivity gets more consistent. Usually girls dont show Impulsivity as much as guys.How To Help ADD In The ClassroomResearchers have identified classroom characteristics which promote success for manychildren that have ADD      -predictability     -structure     -shorter work periods     -small instructor to pupil ratio     -more individualized instruction     -interesting curriculum     -use of positive reinforcementsThe teachers attitude is very helpful if she/he has the following characteristics

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Our Individual Social Responsibility Essay -- Personal Social Responsi

Individual Social Responsibility is a moral belief where we as individuals, have a responsibility toward society. Being socially responsible for(p) is about all individuals behaving ethically and sensitively towards social, economic, and environmental issues. It is about being accountable for our actions and being conscious of the impact your actions have on others, our communities, and the environment. By fetching an active participation in resolving some of the issues, we as individuals should all strive to set good examples by applying and adhering to socially responsible practices, such as improving the quality of lives for individuals and their families, volunteer energy and time towards improving and benefiting society. Get involved and actively participate in helping to solve some ...

Monday, May 27, 2019

Airline Crisis Communication

Airline crisis communication is very important in saving the reputation of an airline company. The purpose of this exhibit is to evaluate the reason why some airline loss their reputations and then make successful strategies in an airline crisis communication In this presentation, the definition of airline crisis communication will be given from two aspects, the aspect of practical way and the knowledge of the scholars.Then an example of an unsuccessful case about NYMPH is elect to scribe the measures they did after a crisis case happened and the analysis of the negative effects and loss following it will be described in details. After that, the riddle of this case will be evaluated and reasons will be explained. Finally, four best strategies based on crisis communication theory and successful examples will be introduced to support airline take successful strategies in the future.Then it comes to the conclusion that best strategies are effective in a crisis communication. Key word s Crisis communication the perception of an atypical event that threatens important expectancies of stakeholders and can seriously impact an organizations performance and generate negative outcomes. Reputation the opinion that people have about an airline soulfulness or something because if what has happened in the past.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Pharmacology Case Essay

The research is about the herb, sage divinorum wherein there atomic number 18 debates whether it should be made illegal or not, and its possible routine as a tool for pharmacological research. sage divinorum (SD) is known for its hallucinogenic effects, but unlike early(a) abused substances, SD has lower potential for abuse. The research was conducted through with(predicate) the internet, wherein respondents fill out survey questionnaire forms. The qualitative information gathered from this research would then be used as a basis whether the substance should be controlled or not, and if so, how it would be controlled. The content of the research is sufficient, wherein it has detailed information of what Salvia dinorum is and what are its specific effects to the people. It also gave a detailed explanation on how it affects the peoples brain and why it is different from other hallucinogenic substances. It also showed the statistical results of the survey conducted, wherein the respo ndents gave their sides regarding the comparisons of SD to other commonly abused substances (Baggott & Erowid, 2004). The research square given is really useful in a sense that it could be used as a tool for pharmacological purposes. It could also be a basis for deciding on whether the substance should be made legal or be controlled for public consumption. Since it promotes altered perception of reality as a hallucinogenic compound, it is possible that it could result to uncontrolled actions which could harm the user or other people. As the research presented, the substance is not as addictive as that of other abused substances. Through more research, further understanding of the matter could be established. The primary limitation of the research is that it was conducted through the internet, and the responses of the respondents could not be qualitatively taken into consideration, since they could just generate an imaginary response. The research is limited to the respondents who h ave access to the internet, and those who werent able to check the material online will not be able to answer. Another limitation is that the respondents were mostly males, so we dont really know oftentimes about the side of the females. If it was to be under random sampling, then the males and females should be properly represented, unless only the males are using SD. The credibility of the author is quite convincing, since hes a student of Neuroscience PhD program and already has authored several scientific articles and book chapters. Looking at his achievement, we are safe to assume that he is credible enough to give information about Salvia divinorum and the issues related to it. The intended audiences of the research are those who are in the pharmacology field, as well as the people who are using Salvia divinorum. They are the ones who are directly involved with the substance that is why it is necessary for them to be informed of things concerning Salvia divinorum. For the ph armacologists, they could use SD as a tool to develop virgin drugs and learn more about the human brain and how it works. For the users, they have to understand that as a hallucinogen, SD still pose some threats in their lives as well as the people around them. They have to be responsible enough to know when and where to use it. The significant features of this research are that there is not much information yet available when it comes to utilizing Salvia divinorum for medical purposes. This means that this is a pioneering research aiming to establish an understanding about this mind-boggling herb. In our society, it is common friendship that many substances are being abused because of their mind-altering hallucinogenic effects. A candidate for this is the Salvia divinorum, though researches show that it is not that addictive comparing to other substances. It has other uses, one of which is for medical purposes. We could harness this potential instead of treating it as something d estructive. It is high time to use it to our advantage, and not our destruction.ReferenceBaggott, M., & Erowid, E. F. (2004). A Survey of Salvia divinorum Users. Retrieved February 24, 2008, from http//www.erowid.org/plants/salvia/salvia_survey1.shtml

Friday, May 24, 2019

My Sister

I was three years old sitting in my preceding metre when one of my older sisters friends frantic altogethery comes out of nowhere and starts screaming incredibly loud towards me. I was only three, and had no idea what she was talking about. All I remember is her being comp allowely bitter. So I was hopelessly sitting there taking it all in. Which is where my older sister Brooke burst in front of me with extreme anger and starts screaming right back at her and tells her to get lost. I felt so protected and safe by my sister that day, I miss having her around.It all started with this overwhelming feeling of being extremely claustrophobic. We arrived at the crowded airport at exactly five oclock. Everyone crammed moving shoulder to shoulder. The cream was canceled so we had to stay shoulder to shoulder for two more long torturing hours. Finally, it was time for my big sister Brooke to get on her flight and dedicate for the extreme BMW ( basic military training). by and by this I wo uld not be seeing my sister for several months. My sister and I are very squiffy It was very hard letting her go.As the vapid flew miles away tears ran down my face like razor blades, my heart was cracking like someone had adept hit it with a hammer and chisel , and I had that horrible throbbing main in my throat where It hurts to swallow. After several torturous months of crying and praying for my sister, it was in the long run time to go see her graduate. Standing there In the excruciating sun on the curb waiting for all the airman to Jog by chanting with their running cadences with their powerful booming voices.Finally Brooks flight jogged by and seeing her for the first time after those long months gave me so much happiness and Joy. The watching was pretty amazing. All that, Mitts (military training Instructors) gave long heart filled touching speeches which made my family and I cry. After all hose tears and amazing speeches to each one airman got granted a united States A larm Force coin. After the 2 hour Lords Supper we finally got to go see our graduated Airman. My family and I were overwhelmed with Joy and couldnt stop crying.After leaving the Alarm Force base we all went out to eat at a pizza pie parlor. After filling our stomachs with pizza and soda pop, Brooke told us all about BMW how It was hard and demanding but after a while she started to get used to It. withal how It was really good at times, because of all the new friends and people she had met. Brooke loved BMW and said It was a very good experience. After all the tears Brooke had cried, all the horrible pain she had suffered through, all the hard training she had to endure, all turned out to be worth It.From the time she protected and stood up for me when I was three until now Brooke has never let me down. Brooke Is, and always will be my sister, my airman, and my hero. My Sister By Nicknaming My sister and I are very close it was very hard letting her go. As the plane flew pain in my throat where it hurts to swallow. After several torturous months of crying and praying for my sister, it was finally time to go see her graduate. Standing there in The ceremony was pretty amazing.All that, Mitts (military training instructors) those tears and amazing speeches each airman got granted a United States Air Force family and I were overwhelmed with Joy and couldnt stop crying. After leaving the Air pizza and soda pop, Brooke told us all about BMW how it was hard and demanding but after a while she started to get used to it. Also how it was really good at times, because of all the new friends and people she had met. Brooke loved BMW and said it all the hard training she had to endure, all turned out to be worth it. From the time me down. Brooke is, and always will be my sister, my airman, and my hero.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

World Trade Orgtanization and the Ready Made Garment Industry of Bangladesh; a Critical Analysis

Assignment On WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND THE READY-MADE get dressed attention OF BANGLADESH A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Submitted To Professor Dr. Khondoker Bazlul Hoque Department of multinational Business University of Dhaka. Submitted By Sheikh Rashedul Islam Student ID 80116043 Subject Theory & Practice of International Business Course NoEIB-510 MBA (Evening Program), Department of International Business University of Dhaka. Submission Date January 6, 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am heartily thankful to the course instructor of Theory & Practice of International Business, Professor Dr.Khondoker Bazlul Hoque whose encouragement, guidance and support f read-only storage the initial stage to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding of the topic and prepargon this assignment. I thank whole of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the assignment. DateJanuary 6, 2012 board of Contents Abstract4 Introduction5 textile spell outs vs merchandiseations in Bangladesh6 Data & Simulations7 Aggregation of GTAP data launch version 5_19 Ready made garments MFA export taxation equivalent9 honest logical implicationing-weighed duty in Bangladesh 11 RESULTS 12Experiment 1 ABOLITION OF MFA QUOTAS13 Conclusion17 Reference18 WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND THE READYMADE GARMENT INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ABSTRACT Since the 1980s the export oriented readymade garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh has experienced an extraordinary evolution This trend was accompanied by a tremendous rise in the export sh are from 0. 2% in 1980 to nearly 75% in 1997-98. High concentration on first base time encourage-added products, strong dependence on imported textiles and high regional concentration of exports characterize Bangladeshs RMG area.The main policy framework is given by the WTOs Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) which follows the former Multifibre Arrangement (MFA). By 2005, the arena is to be fully integrated into GATT rul es and real quotas currently hampering workmanship will arrive to an end. Thus, it can be expected that universe of discoursewide trade in textile and clothing will expand and that labor in now discriminated regions will increase. However, existing import tariffs for textiles, strongly supported by local textile producers, hinder the current RMG takings in Bangladesh.In this paper we will discuss how proximo policy developments may affect the RMG sector of Bangladesh. For the analysis we used the comparative static general equilibrium model GTAP. In this model quotas resulting from the MFA promise are included as export tax equivalents. Compared to china and India, Bangladesh has less restricted access to the most important markets the EU and ground forces. The experiments simu tardy a full phase-out of the MFA quotas, as thoroughly as a step-down of import tariffs in the textile and clothing sector.First results indicate an increase in RMG production in Bangladesh, tho compared to China and particularly India growth rates are quite modest. It is shown that the achievements resulting from textiles imports tariff reduction in Bangladesh itself are stronger than the MFA phase out. This demonstrates the importance of the existing tariff authorities for textiles. Furthermore it can be shown that RMG imports from Bangladesh to NAFTA are reduced while China and especi each(prenominal)y India significantly expands their exports to this region.Although Bangladesh can augment its RMG exports on the second rangy market, the EU, again it looses in competitiveness against China and India. INTRODUCTION The export oriented readymade garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh has experienced an extraordinary evolution having started with 9 enterprises in the late seventies, the number has now grown to over 3000. This trend was accompanied by a tremendous rise in the export share from 0. 2% in 1980 to over 80% in 1998 (WTO, 2002 and figure 1). With a value of about 4 billion US$, the RMG industry has clearly become the controlling root for Bangladeshs export earnings.Figure 1 Textile imports and RMG exports of Bangladesh initiation GTAP v5_1. However, Bangladeshs RMG sector is characterized by some(prenominal) unfavourable circumstances the sector highly depends on imported fabrics. In 115 out of 127 categories of fabrics the share of imports exceeds 70% (CPD, 1999). Figure 1 shows that over the years about half the export earnings were worn-out(a) on textile imports. Since natural conditions in Bangladesh hardly allow for a huge expansion of cotton production, this problem will continue in the future. Additionally, the added value in the apparel sector is quite low.The sourcing of textiles for the Bangladesh RMG industry has interpolated dramatically over the last 20 years, as can be seen from figure 2. In the 1980s, the dominant suppliers were the high-income Asian countries, led by Japan with an import share of more than 40%, and fol lowed by Korea with a share of about 10%. Until the mid 1990s, Korea had taken over the position of Japan as the leading source for textile imports, with a share of around 30%. Since then, India has expand its textile imports into Bangladesh, and more latterly China has started to assume an increasing importance.By 1998, 35% of textile imports were sourced from China and about 20% from India. Figure 2 Composition of textile imports of Bangladesh pic Source GTAP v5_1. denounce Last figures for India are 1997 data. Figure 3 Bangladesh exports of clothing to USA and EU 1980-1998 (in billion US$) pic Source GTAP v5_1. Bangladeshs RMG sector is concentrated both in regards to export products and export markets the concentration of products is much higher than for India and China, two important competitors on international markets, while 90% of Bangladesh RMG exports are going to two markets, the EU and the USA (see figure 3).The main policy framework is given by the WTOs Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) which follows the former Multifibre Arrangement (MFA). By 2005, the sector is to be fully integrated into GATT rules and existing quotas currently hampering trade will come to an end. Bangladesh waits quota in two markets, the USA and Canada. Due to the Generalised System of orientation (GPS) the important EU market provides no quota restrictions for Bangladeshs textile and clothing products. With respect to other competitors on this market like India and Sri Lanka this presents a comparative advantage.Nevertheless, some restrictions resulting from the Rules of Origin overly apply for imports from Bangladesh. In the near future, the EU market for textile and clothing will non only be affected by changes in the ATC agreement, simply by bilateral agreements connected to further enlargement processes of the EU as well as developments with regard to the EU? s particular proposition regional preferences. This will particularly influence the market access of the substitution and easterly European countries and Turkey. In general, the abolition of textiles and clothing quotas will initiate an expanded worldwide trade and production in now discriminated regions.This of course will lead to country specific effect depending on regional idiosyncrasies. Concerning Bangladesh existing import tariffs for textiles, strongly supported by local textile producers, hinder the current RMG production in Bangladesh. In the recent past the pure existence as well as the rate of these tariffs has been under heavy discussion in Bangladesh (e. g. The Independent, 2002). Therefore, we will discuss how different future policy developments may affect the RMG sector of Bangladesh.This includes the changes in the global ATC agreement, further developments on the huge import market EU as well as changes in the national tariff regime of Bangladesh. DATA and SIMULATIONS The analysis was done using the comparative static general equilibrium model GTAP. Since th e GTAP framework is well known and documented (see Hertel, 1997 and http//www. gtap. agecon. purdue. edu), we will not elaborate on its theoretical background here. However, it is important to note that import barriers resulting from the ATC agreement are calculated into tariff equivalents (see Francois & Spinanger, 2002 and table 2).For the experiments the GTAP database version 5. 1 was used, which contains 66 countries and 57 sectors. The selected aggregation can be obtained from 1. Table 1 Aggregation of GTAP database version 5_1 Regions Sectors Bangladesh Rice paddy rice, processed rice China Other Grains wheat, cereal grass grains (incl.HongKong) Fibres plant-based fibres India OthCrop oilseeds, sugar crops, other crops, vegetables, fruits and nuts High-income Asia (HincAsia) Ofood raw milk, cattle, sheep, goats & horses, other animal products, vegetable oils and fats, Other Asia (OthAsia) dairy products, bovine cattle, sheep & goat meat products, other meat products, wool, silk-worm USA cocoons, beverages and tobacco products, food products Canada (CAN) Extract fishing, forestry, coal, oil, minerals, gas Mexico & Central America Tex textiles (CentrAm) Wap wearing apparel European Union (EU) Lea leather products Turkey LabintMan motor vehicles & parts, chemicals, woodwind products, paper products, publishing, Central and Eastern Europe petroleum, coal products, mineral roducts, metals, metal products, (CEEC) CapIntMan transport equipment, electronic equipment, machinery & equipment, ferrous metals, other Rest of the World (ROW) manufactures Svces electricity, construction, gas manufacture, trade, transport, distri unlession, water, communication, fiscal services, insurance, business recreational services, public administration & defence, education, health, dwellings If exports are restrain under the MFA export quota regime, there are trim back exports and higher charges than in a free-trade situation. The effects of this constraint can be measured in terms of an implicit export tax or tariff equivalent of the quota rent. Table 2 presents such(prenominal) estimates (from the GTAP v5_1 database) for the wearing apparel industry. 1 The table indicates that the Multi-Fibre-Agreement for wearing apparel is less restrictive for Bangladesh than it is for its main competitors China and India. Table 2 Ready made garments MFA export tax equivalent (million US$, 1997 and as % of domestic market value of exporting region)* ( from ( to USA Canada EU All Total other countries Bangladesh 103 5 80 2 190 9% 9% 8% 5% 8% China (incl. HongKong) 1974 166 848 72 3059 31% 34% 14% 2% 10% India 460 46 290 12 807 52% 52% 18% 2% 24% High-income Asia 68 4 2 0 74 2% 2% 0% 0% 1% Other Asia 563 29 281 8 880 10% 10% 7% 1% 7% Mexico & Central America 277 3 7 0 287 3% 4% 5% 0% 3% Turkey 24 1 0 0 25 5% 5% 0% 0% 1% Central and Eastern Europe 12 1 0 0 13 5% 5% 0% 0% 0% All other countries 83 3 34 1 121 2 % 3% 0% 0% 1% Total 3563 257 1542 94 5457 Source GTAP v5_1. * Not all countries are veneering quotas on each export market.The tariff equivalents described here result from the estimation of rents and thus include not only direct but overly indirect effects originating from the ATC agreement. The estimated value of the export tax equivalent for Bangladesh is 190 million US$ in 1997, which amounts to 8% of the domestic value of total RMG exports. Exports to the northwestward American markets from China and India apparently face higher quota restrictions, as the estimated ad-valorem tariff equivalent of the quota shows. For example, Indian exports to the USA would be more than 50% cheaper without the quota. The current RMG production in Bangladesh is affected not only by export measures but also by existing import tariffs. Although the country has xperienced some liberalization in the recent past, tariffs for intermediate inputs and especially textiles are high compared to other products entering Bangladesh (see table 3). In international comparison Bangladesh levies relatively high import taxes on its textile imports (table 4). Tariffs of more than 30% of the import value are not uncommon. On (trade-weighted) average, textile imports into Bangladesh face a tariff equivalent of 29%, which is leash times as high as the world average. According to the GTAP database, the tariffs on textiles have contributed approximately 420 million US$ to tax revenues in Bangladesh. Table 3 Average import-weighed tariff in Bangladesh, fiscal year 1991-99 Import categories 1991 1995 1999 Intermediate inputs 24. 1 26. 3 21. 5 Capital goods 18. 7 12. 5 8. 57 utmost consumer goods 47. 3 26. 4 11. 2 All imports 24. 1 20. 8 14. 68 Source WTO (2002) after NBR. Table 4 Ad valorem tariff equivalent for textiles (in %) ( from ( to Bangladesh Average all import destinations Bangladesh n. a. 11 China (incl.HongKong) 36 12 India 10 10 High-income Asia 33 18 Other Asia 20 11 U SA 32 8 Canada n. a. 2 Mexico & Central America n. a. 8 European Union 32 5 Turkey n. a. 12 Central and Eastern Europe n. a. 10 Rest of the World 34 10 Total 29 10 NoteCalculated from value of imports at domestic market outlays over value of imports c. i. f. , GTAP v. 5_1. n. a. not available or import flow negligible.Since the RMG sector of Bangladesh is restricted on the export side as well as on the imports the simulations analyse in this paper include two experiments. Experiment 1 (EXP 1) focuses on the export market. It simulates firstly a complete phase-out of the ATC agreement and secondly specific germane(predicate) developments on the EU market such as the Eastern Enlargement and a preferential agreement with Turkey. Experiment 2 (EXP 2) additionally describes a reduction of import tariffs in the textile sector of Bangladesh by 20%. RESULTS Experiment 1 ABOLITION OF MFA QUOTAS What can be expected for Bangladesh if all quota restrictions on textiles and garments trade are abolished by December 31st, 2004, as foreseen in the ATC?The main competitors of Bangladeshs RMG sector, located in India and China, are relatively more restricted by the ATC agreement than Bangladeshs producers. On the North American markets, Mexico and Central American countries have increased their market positions over Bangladesh as a result of closer regional integration in the Americas. On the European markets, exports from Turkey and Central and Eastern European countries are competing with exports from Bangladesh. The Eastern enlargement and trade preferences for Turkey imply that the GSP (and Everything but Arms, EBA) preferences supporting Bangladesh on the EU market are losing their importance.In order to capture the latter issue we incorporated the enlargement of the EU as well as zero-tariff access to the EU for Turkish producers in our simulation. Table 5 The MFA abolition experiment (1) (2) (3) (4) Average export Export volumes Share world export Share wo rld export price volumes 1997 volumes post-MFA Bangladesh -7% 0% 2% 2% China (incl.HongKong) -11% 60% 24% 33% India -21% 267% 3% 10% High-income Asia -1% -28% 5% 3% Other Asia -6% 1% 10% 9% Mexico & Central America -4% -42% 7% 3% Turkey 1% 40% 3% 4% Central and Eastern Europe 1% 70% 5% 7% Table 5 summarizes the effects of a MFA phase out on the RMG world market. Obviously, the highly quota constrained exporters from India and China are able to dramatically expand their exports. In the case of China, the model predicts a 60% increase in export volumes. However, exporters now face a price that is on average 11% move. 2 For India the picture is even more impressive, as exports are simulated to expand by more than 260%, albeit at 20% lower prices. Bangladesh is simulated to maintain its export volumes, but would face a 7% lower price.Columns (3) and (4) in the table compare current world market shares in RMG with post-MFA shares. Clearly, China and India are increasing thei r world market shares. Table 6 MFA phase out Effects on main markets, change in export volumes by source and destination (percentage change relative to base 1997) ( from ( to USA Canada EU of which EU preference effect Bangladesh -21 -33 26 -12 China (incl.HongKong) 199 194 67 -19 India 752 632 80 -19 High-income Asia -51 -59 -30 -12 Other Asia -13 -25 23 -16 Mexico & Central America -44 -50 15 -16 Turkey -45 -53 72 96 Central and Eastern Europe -43 -51 81 106 Table 6 focuses on the main export markets.Obviously, Bangladesh is losing ground in North American markets, where China and India are out-competing all other suppliers, including Mexico and Central America. Only on the European market does Bangladesh have positive growth rates. The granting of preferences to suppliers from CEEC countries and from Turkey enables those regions to double their sales volumes to the EU, which leads to a diversion of imports from all other sources. Experiment 2 disappoint TEXTILE TAR IFFS IN BANGLADESH. The phase-out of the MFA is an external event that Bangladesh producers and policymakers will have to deal with in some way, but on which they have little influence.In contrast, there are also a number of national policy instruments available that Bangladesh could use to further its RMG industry. One of these instruments is the lowering of import taxes on textiles. It has been seen in function 2 that import barriers on textiles a vital input in RMG are relatively high in Bangladesh. The tariffs lead to an average increase of the price of imported textiles by about 30%. Clearly, a lower tariff would reduce the cost of imported textiles to the Bangladesh RMG industry, and this will decrease production costs in the RMG sector. Table 7 reports the effects on RMG and textiles output in case of a unilateral 20% lowering of all import tariffs on textiles (i. e. rom average 29% to average 23%, but with variation according to source region). Table 7 Output changes in B angladesh, percent changes relative to base MFA phase out lower textile tariffs MFA phase out + lower textile tariffs Fibres 5. 1 -0. 8 4. 3 Textiles 6. 6 -0. 7 6. 0 exhausting apparel 0. 2 7. 3 7. 6 Table 8 Decomposition of export growth effects Indicator import price textiles -4. 5% price domestic textiles -0. 2% share of imports 0. 3% composite price textiles -1. 5% average price other inputs 0. 5% cost share textiles 0. 7% put up price RMG -0. 9% elasticity of substitution domestic/foreign WAP at the importer side 8. 8 change in exports 7. 9% While expansion of RMG production and exports under the MFA phase-out is rather limited, the unilateral reduction of textile import tariffs has notable positive effects on output and trade. In fact, the 20% tariff swinging results in a simulated RMG output growth of more than 7%. Not surprisingly, this output effect turns out to be mainly export driven.The lower price for imported textiles in the wake of the tarif f reduction drives down the price for textiles that the RMG industry in Bangladesh uses. Table 8 summarizes the important effects. The 4. 5% lower price for imported textiles is combined with a very slight drop of domestic textile prices to yield a drop of the composite textiles price by -1. 5%. Given the large 70% cost share of textiles in RMG production, the supply price of RMG products can drop by -0. 9%. This drop is able to lead importers to substitute towards Bangladesh RMG products. The GTAP model has an Armington import structure with an elasticity of substitution between domestic and foreign RMG varieties equal to 8. for all importers such that the substitution effect alone results in an almost 8% rise of Bangladesh RMG exports. Since Bangladesh is a small player on global RMG markets (market share around 1%), global import levels are not affected by Bangladeshs cheaper supplies. The conclusion from this exercise is that lowering tariffs on textile imports does indeed boos t the competitiveness of the Bangladesh RMG industry. At the akin time, the domestic textiles industry experiences some competition from abroad, resulting in lower domestic textile prices and a slight drop in output, but this is more than correct by increased export earnings in the RMG industry. Figure 4 Welfare effects (equivalent variation, million 1997 US$) picThe equivalent variation welfare indicator in Figure 4 provides a summary of effects on the total economy. According to this welfare measure, the main beneficiary of the MFA phase-out is the USA. The importing regions Canada and the EU also benefit, as do India, China and Central and Eastern Europe and Turkey. The latter two regions mainly due to the EU-preference effect. This picture makes clear why not all countries always support the abolition of the MFA. For Bangladesh a slight prejudicial welfare effect of the MFA phase can be observed. The unilateral reduction of textiles tariffs somewhat improves this outcome, bu t is insufficient to tip the balance. Table 9 Welfare analysis allocative and terms-of-trade effects, million US$ MFA phase out MFA phase out and lower Bangladesh textile tariffs allocative terms-of-trade allocative effectsterms-of-trade effects effects effects Bangladesh -11 -180 52 -338 China 3108 -4676 3107 -2715 India 2063 -1806 2061 -393 High-income Asia -131 -168 -131 -501 Other Asia 74 -853 73 -1348 USA 1765 6350 1767 5127 Canada 421 423 422 390 Mexico & Central America -211 -217 -211 -1178 European Union 707 50 716 16 Turkey 163 72 162 659 Central and Eastern Europe 438 96 437 1286 ROW -387 -62 -387 -981 Table 9 explains the reason for this negative outcome. The terms of trade for Bangladesh and indeed for all the quota-restricted exporters are negatively affected as world prices for garments drop. In contrast to, for example, India, the terms-of trade loss is not compensated by allocative gains in Bangladesh. Closer management of the underlying data shows that the negative allocative result in the MFA phase-out scenario is mainly due to the expansion of the domestic textiles industry which is currently subsidized.Expansion of a subsidized employment receives a negative welfare evaluation, because it pulls resources into an activity that could be more effectively used elsewhere in the economy. With lower textiles tariffs, the domestic textiles industry shrinks somewhat and the negative allocative effect is turned in to an allocative gain, as less subsidization is required. CONCLUSIONS The phase out of the MFA changes global patterns of trade. India and China are the biggest winners in terms of output and export growth. In terms of welfare, the importing countries gain most, as the import prices drop. At the same time, this means terms of trade loss for exporters. Bangladesh can only gently benefit from the MFA phase-out, and loses ground on North American markets.Since the EU grants preferences to CEECs and Turkey, Bangladesh e xporters face increasing competition on the EU market. On balance output volumes are expected to be unchanged from Bangladesh, implying a drop in market share in the expanding RMG market. A counteracting policy option for Bangladesh is the unilateral lowering of import tariffs on textiles. This reduces costs to the RMG industry and improves exports through lower supply prices. Macro-economically, increased export revenues easily compensate the loss in tariff revenues. Reference Source Office of Textiles and Apparel, United States Department of Commerce. Abbreviations MMF man-made fibre S/V silk and vegetable MB man and boy WG woman and girl. 1

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Africa essay Essay

wedge shape-Saharan Africa Change and Continuity Essay Summaries Period 31 600-1450 Trade Routes and Their Impacts by Stephanie Lin2 deoxycytidine monophosphate-1450 Politics by Rebecca Lee-McFadden3 1450-1750 Politics and Economics by Emma Loh4 gunman-Saharan Africas consanguinity to Global Trade Patterns 1750 to the Present by Douglas Chee 5 1450-Present religious belief by LJ Cabutaje6 1914-Present Formation of National Identities by George Kitsios a using evidence from specific countriesEssay 1Sub-Saharan Africa 600 -1450 Trade Routes and Their ImpactsBefore the 600s, slew routes in Africa werent used nearly as much as they are today After 600s, long distance trade increased and increased kind and cultural diffusion At the end of the 600s, the world saw the decline of the classical period The fall of the classical empires such as the Gupta and Han Empires and Rome allowed several(a) religions to spread Before 600 CE, connections existed between Sub-Saharan Africa and civi lized societies, but were limited Cultural diffusion before the 600s included Africanity and diffusion of Bantu languages As trade routes intensified, Arab traders could spread to previously unreachable areas using camels and caravans One of the key changes that occurred during this period was the influence and spread of Islamic religion and culture and the connection of West Africa with the Islamic World Trade also increased economic prosperity, such as in the kingdoms of gold coast, Mali and Songhai Gold-salt trade between Ghana and Arab desert traders and the Mediterranean prospered considerably as Ghana had gold but no salt and the Mediterranean had salt but no gold Ghanas king converted to Islam, direct to better relations with the Islamic world Indian sea trade led to increased development of city-states such as Mogadishu and Sofala Slave job increasedMuch continuity accompanied these changesSyncretic conversion, which is they kept some of their make beliefs while converti ng to a new religion such as intertwining Islam with animism and old-fashi adeptd folklore Many people were still devoted to ChristianityNomads were still the middlemen between the east and west Same basic routes were still used for trade during this period Africans contain their sense of originality and cultureEssay 2Evaluate the governmental changes and continuities over time in Sub Saharan Africa from years 100 to 1450. Thesis Sub Saharan Africa went from being made up of small individual tribes to large, organized empires. The arrival of new religions also affected the laws and codes Sub Saharan Africans had to respect. Throughout these changes, one continuity was that religious beliefs still played an all important(p) part in the governmental structures.Changes-Smaller and decentralized tribes became larger, to a greater extent organized empires.During 100 CE and earlier, there did non exist organized governments. Most societies were clans and tribes ruled by a tribal le ader. Some societies were hunter-gatherer ones. Unification really could not occur due to arid environments and culturally diverse regions.Larger empires and kingdoms were able to rise because of an increase in interaction and trade between tribes. An increased production of crops and iron tools and artisan goods led to more trading. As tribes traded, some grew wealthier and more caterful. These tribes conquered others and took control of regional trade routes becoming more powerful. They then became larger kingdoms and societies.Ghana and Great Zimbabwe were two examples of this. Their rise to power was due to the wealth earned from trading and controlling trade routes. Eastern City States like Zanzibar, Mombasa, and Sofala rose to power because of trading in the Indian Ocean Trading Route. -Religions like Islam and Christianity affected law codesMost of Sub-Saharan Africans followed animism. With the arrival of monotheistic religions like Christianity and Islam, law codes were al tered. Mali, for example, was an Islamic state. The people under the Mali empirehad to follow Islamic law, sharia and the Quran. The Kingdom of Aksum converted to Christianity under the king, Ezana. Ezana ruled his people under the beliefs and teachings of Christianity. Continuities phantasmal beliefs keep to play a role in political structures and law codesWhether the dominating religion was Islam, Christianity, or animism, it still affected how the particular society ran and the laws the people had to follow. Animism also affected tribes politically. Kings and tribal leaders were believed to be decedents of their gods. Religion was all people knew and was so heavily integrated in their lives,. Political structures and law codes were not an exception to this.Essay 3Prompt The period of 1450 to 1750 witnessed important transformations in Africa. Trace significant changes and continuities in two of the following areas social, economic, and political. EconomicsChange emergence and e ventual domination of the transatlantic hard worker trade premier interactions with EuropeansPortuguese and some African tribes created trade relations that were beneficial to both sides in gold, world markets. WHYEuropean production offset, e.g. Portugals sugar plantations get went to Africa, most slaves were POWsContinuity the profitable trade of raw materials15th C gold, copper, cotton textiles, leather works17th C gold, ivory, timberPoliticsChangespolitical alliances with European fo molders1500s some African kings were open to European religions (Christianity) allowed access to European firearms and association with advanced societies few were actually committed to Christianity due to dominant Muslim culture. 17th Century kings profited from the slave trade, cooperative withEuropeans some kings lost power to the slave trade15th C some normal Africans started to be kidnapped for the slave trade Continuity monarchies as the dominant governments which maintained power througho ut Africa. forced Europeans to adhere to African trading customs.collected expensive rents from European merchants.prevented Europeans from claiming African territorywere not heavily influenced by Europeans.** not all kings participated in European trade, and a majority of them did not.Essay 4Sub-Saharan Africas Relationship to Global Trade Patterns 1750 to the PresentSub-Saharan Africa is rich with raw materials precious metals, animal products, plant oils. 1750sIndependent African kingdoms exported gold, copper, ivory, vegetable oils, and animal pelts to various westward powers, in exchange for machine-made products. Lack of industrialization.Huge slave trade from 1750-1867, despite Great Britains attempted abolishment in 1808. Slaves utilized in horse opera colonies and plantations. Constant European presence and tight relationship in trade.Scramble for AfricaEnd of slave trade led to economic weakness, leaving African states endangered to the European imperialists. Peak of Europeans constant influence.New exports included diamonds and rubber.Africa continued to be a global source for raw materials, due to their continued lack of industrialization. Post WWIINationalistic movements brought independence from European powers, but left political/economic issues for the now decolonized states. Dependency on the delicate trade of bills crops, in addition to the lack of industrializationand help for the now expelled European powers had led to economic backwardness in Sub-Saharan Africa.Essay 5Religious Changes and Continuities in Sub-Saharan Africa 1450-PresentThesis From 1450 to the present, Sub-Saharan Africas religious atmosphere has experienced many changes due to the exponential growth of such global religions as Christianity and Islam in the region, while it has also maintained religious continuities in its traditional and established beliefs and traffic patterns, by the usage of syncretismChanges and AnalysisThere was a large growth in the spread of Islam throughout the region. Because of the way that cultural diffusion occurred throughout various trade routes, Islam easily spread throughout the region and integrated into the cultures of local anaesthetic tribes, without the need for conquest from the leaders. From 1900 to the present, it grew exponentially, from a few million to more than 300 million, comprising 15% of the worlds Islamic tribe. Christianity was the other global religion that grew exponentially during this time period. It was first introduced in the 15th century by Portuguese Catholic missionaries who wanted to convert the natives to their faith. Similarly to Islam, in the 20th century, the Christian population in Sub-Saharan Africa rose up, eventually totaling over 470 million, effectively making up more than 20% of the worlds Christian population. This occurred due to the dim anti-slavery sentiment and the scramble for Africa which occurred in this time period.Continuities and AnalysisDespite the changes, the people of this region were still able to adhere to their long-time and ancient beliefs and traditions. Many still practice animism, or the belief in the spirits of nature, and practice rituals such as voodoo. They were able to continue because of the tolerance of the majorglobal religions and also because of their practice of syncretism, in which they incorporated the local religions with these global religions. One last continuity was Christianity in Ethiopia, where the religion was indigenous and was there from the 4th Century CE.Essay 6-Pre WWII, Sub Saharan Africa witnesses significant changes in the identities of its nations. Largely fueled as a reaction to separatist movements from European Colonial structures, and a recent surge in nationalism -Many strive towards self governed rule with dreams of liberation influenced by fighting in the name of freedom in the 2nd World War Changes-Ghana-Gold playground slide was hot bed of nationalism after WWII, desire for British to a llow self rule -Took first step through African representation in council, but not enough -Many had aspirations for Ghana to become the African United States -Ambitious Goal expanded in 1947, Kwame Nkrumah starts series of boycotts, strikes, etc -By 1957, Gold Coast receives full independence, renamed Ghana -Nkrumah 1st president, creates proactive reforms-Kenya-Also governed from a far by the British-Large add ups of free the three estates in Northern Highlands believed by the Native kenyans their own land with their own rights not some prize for Britain. -Movement for Kenyan Independence begins, seeded in nationalism, by Joma Kenyatta, who like others, believed Africa can only advance to a higher take if he is free to express himself, meaning free from external rule -Formation of Mau Mau Guerilla group, more violent approach toward Kenyan national identity, killing 10,000 Africans and 100 settlers in the process -Eventually, Kenya gains independence in 1963Continuities-One of l argest things that stayed the same was the pattern of violence and oppression experienced in inter and intercommunication of African native groups/future nations -Nigeria-Key example, neonate nation that adopts a federal system-Borders did not pay attention to the cultural tensions it put in place among the civilians, would provoke a large amount of controversy -Ultimately leads to a full out civil war breaking loose, amongst a number of ethnic groups forced to live together with no front notice -Horrible level of instability within the government, provoking martial law on some areas. -Outcome of a movement intended to liberate resulted in impossible violence, and the replacement of one oppressive, ignorant government, with a more familiar one-South Africa-Obtains partial independence from Great Britain by 1931, allowing for self government (sorta) -White supremacy ends up taking over the reigns immediately however policies of apartheid run rampant for the next couple of decades -Formation and barring of the African National Congress (ANC)-Misrepresentation in laws/distribution of land-South Africans are 75% of population, but only allowed on 13% of land (slum land too) -ANC and other pro South African Native movements conclude to go with a more violent route, yet many end up killed, beaten, or jailed in the 70s and 80s, especially after demonstrations in 1977. -Struggle for blameless democracy at hand, no room for reform, and realization of equality not realized until later on (Nelson Mandela) -Black citizens grossly mistreated in their own homeland, reign of violence and terror overstays its welcome

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Principles of supporting business events Essay

Principles of reenforcement business events Section 1 Understand how to support the organisation of a business event 1. When organising a business event, describe the aver of support activities that may be required. You will have to organise a locus, depending on type of event vex appropriate size, make sure venue is available for particular dates, depending on location check transportation and accessibility get appropriate equipment for different types of presentations, what types of gadgets, will be or not postulate some hearing aid, depending on size of venue and event.Arrange speakers, food and drinks that will depend on how broad the event is, will it be retributory few hours or all day or perhaps few days. Make sure range of food available, for example vegetarian or diary free. turn on invitations, advertise the event, get documentations, licence and insurance cover if necessary travel and accommodation that again will depend on type of event and how long it is going t o be, for example if the event is international I have to organise things like visas, airport pick up, hotel and arrival to the event itself 2.Complete the table on a lower floor by identifying two ways of providing support before, during and after a business event. Before During After 1. Invite speakers 1. Meet and greet, look after during the event, distribute documentation. stash feedback. 1. Analyse feedback, circulating notes. 2. Book travel and accommodation. 2. Offering information, book taxi, direct with lost property, collect informal feedback 2. Contributing to analysing event. Section 2 Understand the determination of displaying professional and helpful behaviour whilst supporting a business event and how to do so 1.Explain the purpose of displaying professional and helpful behaviour when supporting a business event. Professional and helpful behaviour will make more efficient and effective event leave external and internal customers satisfied. eternally helps to meet flock with a smile and asking if you can help with anything, give pile clear instructions what is happening for example when breaks will be taking place, how much time will occupy different speakers or activities so keeping everyone informed and as a result resources will be not wasted and people are generally more cooperative towards professionalism.On contrary not been helpful, for example, will create tension within people and lack of knowledge will leave people unsatisfied. 2. Describe ways of exhibiting professional and helpful behaviour whilst supporting a business event. There are few ways to exhibit professional and helpful behaviour. First thing people note, of course, is appearance. It is pleasant to see clean, well groomed people. It gives first positive imprint and peoples mind already set for professionalism. Again a smile can do a lot when meeting people, smile essence you want to help and ready to help. Smile invites to ask questions and leaves with positive att itude.When listening to a person it is important to keep eye contact as it relaxes people and if you listen attentively people again feel positive and that is exactly what you want them to feel about whole event and experience. Keeping everyone informed and get your job done such as paperwork, materials for event, answer questions, including phone and computer your main aim and recipe for successful event. Section 3 Understand how to deal with problems encountered when supporting a business event 1. What are the main types of problems that may occur when supporting a business event?You should include at least three different types of problems in your answer. There could be many problem occur during event from very stressful to minor. They all fall into three categories tidy sum problems Equipment problems Process problems 2. Identify possible solutions for each of the problems you have listed in Question 1 above. Possible solutions to event problems 1. Always remain calm and polit e, apologise to attendees if they experiencing a problem. 2. Find out exactly what the problem is and solution and if you can solve the matter, if not identify the colleague that can 3.Take appropriate action or undertake tasks specified by the colleague in charge 4. Double check everything, use reliable supplies, proven techniques. Check equipment yourself and ask to do so your colleagues. Seek advice from experience people, reviews and other available sources. Remember what kind of problems you had at the previous events. 5. Ask yourself what kind of things could go wrong, what if main speaker doesnt aim in time, what if equipment fails etc. Plan what solution to problems could be beforehand. You should always check that problem was solved and make sure it doesnt happen again.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Lack of Diversity in Management & Coaching in Sports

In recent history it has been evident that some of the most popularize features in the States chip in been dominated and everyplaceran by African American and other nonage athletes. In turn when the coach and caution positions in sports ar analyzed and broken down, the number of minority coaches and managers in sport ar almost non-existent and have been since those sports organization became established. In 2006 depresseds made up ab break 14% of the population, 12% of every last(predicate) college enrollments, and nearly 24% of each collegial scholarship athletes.In some major sports, such as hoops and football, blacks make up a great destiny of athletes participating. In 2005 over 55% of all collegial athletes on football scholarships were Blacks and about 62% of all collegiate athletes on hoops scholarships were Black and this is out of the NCAAs 328 Division I schools. Despite the large number of Black representing the athletes in collegiate sport, the fortune of Afr ican Americans in instruct and administrative position were very small.In 2005 roughly 7% of all wit coaches of mens teams at the nations largest universities were black and entirely 6. 5% in womens collegiate sports. The numbers are even smaller in the big-time revenue generating sports such as basketball and football. Just to give a breakdown of these offices, there were only 3 head football coaches at the NCAAs 119 D I-A schools. What tends to succor the racial lines seen been athletes on the field/court of play and the quite a little who are in the position of power.One thing that helps alleviate this barrier is the number of minority assistant coaches in position. The percentage of minority assistant coaches in collegiate sports are far greater that of head coaches in power. It seems that its expected to for a flannel man to be in power and for blacks and other minorities to be in assistant roles that its conk normal in sports and unquestioned. The authority of white he ad coaches is often legitimized by dint of the eyeball of black athletes when its seen that black assistant are taking orders from a white coach.This is an issue that has become to be expected in both collegiate and professional sports (Anonymous, 36-37). It may not be conception about much but there are some racial games that are played. Although the Rooney Rule has at least given minority head coaches a chance to potentially get employ because they actually get a chance to get an interview, many still see it as plainly a rule chuck into place to make it seem like everything is couple and to save face from exam about racial issues in sport. In 2003, Mike Millen the president of the Detroit Lions was fined for not interviewing a minority.He was not fined for measuredly not interviewing minority coaches, he actually contacted five different minority coaches and each of them turned the ask for an interview down. Each of them felt like the job was already Steve Mariucci and felt like they were just macrocosm interviewed just so that the Detroit Lions could fill their obligation to interview a minority coach. The problem not only lies with collegiate and professional sports organizations and the issue of not interviewing and hiring more minority coaches and managers but also stems from this minorities get holding that they foundert have a fair shot at the position.Some minorities looking for a head coaching position also have negative feelings towards getting called up for an interview just because of rule that was put into place that forces teams to do this. Some feel like if the Rooney Rule wasnt in place that ordinary managers wouldnt go out of there to try and search for minority coaches to interview like that have to do now. A subconscious bias is incident within these organizations because the managers are taking the notion that were giving them a fair chance at the position because we are given them an interview just like everyone else.In re ality its being make to help shift focus away from the lack of conversion and make it seem that things are much better in that department and that organizations are treating the issue with an founder mind (Nordlinger, J. , 25-26). On the issue of the lack of minority representation in the administration side of sport lacks even more than minority coaches. The hiring of administrators of color has been extremely limited and still continues to be today. In 1999 NCAA inform a combined percentage of minority administrators in position is a mere 10%, which includes all areas of the administrator sector in NCAA D-I sports.This statistic includes both women and men which shows that representation of minorities have been scarce both on and off the field in NCAA D-I sports. The biggest concern with the lack of minorities in top leadership positions in collegiate sports starts with top-level managers themselves such as college presidents, athletic directors, and conference commissioners n ot aggressively pursuing minorities for leadership roles. This not happening will continue to bring up the same issues about underrepresentation in sport period.Putting more minorities in position will lead to more and more minorities potentially getting opportunities for interviews through the passing of friendship from other minorities alike. The NCAA is taking steps to trying to bridge the gap by planning to open a Minority Institute to develop minorities and give them the necessary skills needed to compete with their white counterparts (Greenlee, 1). I feel that both professional and collegiate sports can do a little more than what is being done to bring more diversity to its organizations and teams within its governing body.The Rooney Rule is a start for sports as a whole period to bring in more minorities, although the rule is only geared toward the NFL it kind of opens the eyes of other leagues to potentially implement a rule or some different policies that give minorities a n equal shot of obtaining the same position as whites. I believe that clinics or some programs should be locate up to help minority coaches and minorities looking to get into the administration side of sport, gain knowledge and skills to help make them more successful as leaders.In turn this could make organization better as a whole because different ideas and not just the same mindset of how things should and could be done within the organization. public Managers and other administrators would get a chance to better interact with a person of minority work within an organization and would be able to gain knowledge from them as well. Depending on how well the minority coach or administrator does and the type of knowledge the person possesses could really open of the eyes of his/her white colleagues and help others get their foot in the door.Ever since minorities have gotten a chance to take on roles such as head coaching positions and in different management position they have bee n seen as unsuccessful. I believe that this is because they have had limited opportunities and have not always come into the best of situations with teams that have hired them. Ultimately whites are seen as most successful because they are the majority they have more people in position that are and have succeeded but also more that have ailed. Their successes have been highlighted over their failures and it seems like minority coaches and minorities in top-level management positions failures have been highlighted over their successes. Although the number of minorities hired for coaching and management positions are very limited they will have to be successful in order for them to be legitimatized and given fair shots at getting major positions within sport organizations and leagues.Until minorities represent a percentage that is seen as acceptable in relation the countrys population in America is therefore where the issue of the lack of diversity in major level positions in sport d ie out.Works Cited Anonymous, . (2006/2007). Black Teams, White Coaches Racial Inequality in Coaching of College Sports. Journal of Black in Higher Education, 1(54), 36-37. Greenlee,. (2000). NCAA melodic theme Finds Little Diversity In Sports Administration. Black Issues in Higher Education, 1. Nordlinger, J. (2003). Color in Coaching. National Review, 55(16), 25-26. Retrieved from faculty member Search Premier database.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Awareness of health and safety trainings Essay

Without the correct level of training you are not allowed to fetch out certain tasks relating to wellness and gum elastic. Here are a few examplesMoving and handlingAdministering medicinal drugEmergency first aidGiving injectionsPeg feedingColostomyFighting fireIf you are shy(p) about what you can and cannot do, you must discuss this with your supervisor / manager.Where and from whom additional support and information relating to Health and Safety can be accessed? The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure reachers are fittingly knowledgeable about Health and Safety and that they are properly trained in relevant areas. Your employer may have a health and safety representative who is responsible for health and safety issues at work. enquire your supervisor or manager about the Health and Safety policies and procedures in your work place.The main points of Health and Safety policies and proceduresTo secure the health, safety and welfare of persons at work.To protect other people from hazards arising from work.To control the tutelage and use of dangerous substances and materials, including explosives and highly flammable materials.To control the emission of noxious substances from certain premises.It shall be the craft of every employer to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety and welfare at work of all his employees.Examples of the subjects that should have Health and Safety policies and proceduresMoving and handling of people and objectsPersonal hygiene transmission system controlPersonal safety and lone workingFire safetyFood safety and hygieneWhat to do in the event of an emergencyRisk assessmentsSmoking at workDisplay check Equipment (DSE) for people working with computersUse of chemicals and waste disposalSecurity measures and visitors

Frostbite Chapter 3

ThreeTHE LOBBY OF MY mansion was abuzz when I sprinted downstairs to my forwards-school drill. The commotion didnt surprise me. A good nights sleep had g matchless far outside(a) to chase away the images from last night, but I k spic-and-span neither I nor my classmates would easily forget what had interpreted focalise outside Billings.And yet, as I stu authorised the faces and clusters of separate novices, I noticed something supernatural. The fear and tenseness from yesterday were understood around, certainly, but something new was there too excitement. A couple of freshmen novices were practic eithery oink with joy as they utter in hushed whispers. Nearby, a group of qats my own age were gesturing wildly, impatient grins on their faces.I had to be missing something hereunless all of yesterday had been a dream. It took every ounce of self-abnegation I had not to go over and ask somebody what was happening. If I delayed, Id be late for practice. The low density was ki lling me, though. Had the Strigoi and their humans been found and killed? That would certainly be good news, but something told me that wasnt the case. Pushing open the lie admittances, I lamented that Id plainly cook to wait until to-dofast to find out.Hath-away, dont run-away, a singsong verbalise called.I glanced behind me and grinned. Mason Ashford, another novice and a good fri rarity of mine, jogged up and fell in step with me.What are you, twelve? I asked, continuing on toward the gym.Nearly, he said. I missed your joyful face yesterday. Where were you?Apparently my presence at the Badica house still wasnt widely itemize apartn. It wasnt a secret or everything, but I didnt want to discuss any gory details. Had a training thing with Dimitri.God, muttered Mason. That quat is alship canal escapeing you. Doesnt he realize hes depriving us of your beauty and charm?Smiling face? bag and charm? Youre laying it on a little thick this morning, arent you? I laughed.Hey, Im middling telling it homogeneous it is. Really, youre lucky to have someone as suave and brilliant as me paying this much financial aid to you.I kept grinning. Mason was a huge flirt, and he liked to flirt with me in particular. leave of it was just because I was good at it and liked to flirt back. But I knew his feelings toward me were more than just friendly, and I was still deciding how I felt close to that. He and I had the uniform buffoonish sense of humor and frequently drew attention to ourselves in class and among friends. He had gorgeous gamey eye and messy red hair that never seemed to lie flat. It was cute.But dating someone new was going to be agreeable of difficult when I still kept thinking about the snip I was half(a)-naked in bed with Dimitri.Suave and brilliant, huh? I move my head. I dont think you pay intimately as much attention to me as you do your ego. Someone needs to knock it down a little.Oh yeah? he asked. Well, you can try your best on the slo pes.I halt walking. The what?The slopes. He lean his head. You populate, the ski trip.What ski trip? I was apparently missing something serious here.Where have you been this morning? he asked, look at me like I was a crazy woman.In bed I but got up, like, five minutes ago. Now, start from the beginning and tell me what youre talking about. I shivered from the lack of movement. And lets keep walking. We did.So, you k in a flash how everyones afraid to have their kids come home for Christmas? Well, theres this huge ski lodge in Idaho thats exclusively utilize by royals and rich Moroi. The passel who own it are opening it up for Academy students and their familiesand true(a)ly any other Moroi who want to go. With everyone in one spot, theyre going to have a ton of guardians to protect the place, so itll be totally safe.You cant be serious, I said. We reached the gym and stepped inside out of the cold.Mason nodded eagerly. Its true. The place is ideated(p) to be amazing. He ga ve me the grin that always made me smile in return. Were going to live like royalty, Rose. At least for a week or so. We take despatch the day after Christmas.I stood there, both excited and stunned. I hadnt seen this access. It unfeignedly was a brilliant idea, one that let families reunite safely. And what a reunion spot A royal ski lodge. Id expected to spend most of my holiday break hanging out here and watching TV with Lissa and Christian. Now Id be living it up in five-star accommodations. Lobster dinners. Massages. Cute ski instructors Masons enthusiasm was contagious. I could feel it welling up in me, and then, absolutely, it slammed to a halt.Studying my face, he saw the change right away. Whats wrong? This is cool.It is, I admitted. And I get why everyones excited, but the resolve were getting to go to this fancy place is because, well, because people are dead. I mean, doesnt this all seem weird?Masons cheery expression sobered a little. Yeah, but were alive, Rose. We cant stop living because other people are dead. And we have to make sure more people dont die. Thats why this place is such a great idea. Its safe. His look turned stormy. God, I cant wait until were out of here in the field. After hearing about what happened, I just want to go tear apart some Strigoi. I wish we could go now, you know? Theres no reason. They could use the extra help, and we pretty much know everything we need to.The fierceness in his voice reminded me of my outburst yesterday, though he wasnt quite as worked up as Id been. His eagerness to act was glowing and na?ve, whereas mine had been born out of some weird, dark irrationality I still didnt only understand.When I didnt respond, Mason gave me a puzzled look. Dont you want to?I dont know, Mase. I stared down at the floor, avoiding his eyeball as I studied the toe of my shoe. I mean, I dont want Strigoi out there, attacking people either. And I want to stop them in theory but, well, we arent even close to being install. Ive seen what they can do I dont know. Rushing in isnt the answer. I shook my head and looked back up. Good grief. I sounded so logical and cautious. I sounded like Dimitri. Its not important since its not going to happen anyway. I suppose we should just be excited about the trip, huh?Masons moods were quick to change, and he turned easygoing at a time more. Yup. And youd break in try to remember how to ski, because Im calling you out on knocking down my ego out there. not that its going to happen.I smiled again. Boy, it sure is going to be sad when I make you cry. I kind of feel guilty already.He opened his mouth, no doubt to deliver some smartass reply, and then caught commode of somethingor rather, someonebehind me. I glanced over and saw Dimitris tall form approaching from the other side of the gym.Mason move me a gallant bow. Your lord and master. Catch you later, Hathaway. Start planning your ski strategies. He opened the door and disappeared into the frigid dar kness. I turned around and joined Dimitri.Like other dhampir novices, I spent half of my school day on one form or another of guardian training, be it actual physical combat or learning about Strigoi and how to defend against them. Novices overly some sequences had practices after school. I, however, was in a unique situation.I still stood by my decision to run away from St. Vladimirs. Victor Dashkov had present too much of a threat to Lissa. But our extended vacation had come with consequences. Being away for two years had put me behind in my guardian classes, so the school had declared that I had to make up for it by going to extra practices before and after school.With Dimitri.Little did they know that they were also giving me lessons in avoiding temptation. But my attraction to him aside, I was a fast learner, and with his help, I had almost caught up to the other seniors.Since he wasnt wearing a coat, I knew wed be working inside today, which was good news. It was freeze out. Yet even the happiness I felt over that was nothing compared to what I felt when I saw what exactly he had set up in one of the training rooms.There were practice dummies arranged on the far wall, dummies that looked amazingly lifelike. No straw-stuffed burlap bags here. There were men and women, wearing cut-and-dried clothes, with rubbery skin and different hair and eye colors. Their expressions ranged from happy to scared to angry. Id worked with these dummies before in other trainings, using them to practice kicks and punches. But Id never worked with them while hold opening what Dimitri held a silver stake.Sweet, I breathed.It was monovular to the one Id found at the Badica house. It had a hand grip at the bottom, almost like a hilt without the little side flourishes. That was where its resemblance to a dagger ended. Rather than a flat blade, the stake had a thick, rounded body that narrowed to a point, kind of like an ice pick. The entire thing was a little shorter than my forearm.Dimitri leaned casually against the wall, in an easy stance he always pulled off remarkably well, contempt being almost six-seven. With one hand, he tossed the stake into the air. It spun around in a cartwheel a couple of times and then came down. He caught it hilt first.Please tell me I get to learn how to do that today, I said.Amusement flashed in the dark depths of his eyes. I think he had a hard time keeping a straight face around me sometimes. Youll be lucky if I let you hold it today, he said. He flipped the stake into the air again. My eyes seeed it longingly. I started to point out that I had already held one, but I knew that line of logic would get me nowhere.Instead, I tossed my backpack on the floor, threw off my coat, and pass over my arms expectantly. I had on loose pants tied at the waist and a ice chest top with a hoodie over it. My dark hair was pulled brutally back into a ponytail. I was ready for anything.You want me to tell you how they work and why I should always be cautious around them, I announced.Dimitri stopped flipping the stake and stared at me in astonishment.Come on, I laughed. You dont think I know how you work by now? Weve been doing this for almost three months. You always make me talk safety and responsibility before I can do anything fun.I see, he said. Well, I guess youve got it all figured out. By all means, go on with the lesson. Ill just wait over here until you need me again.He inclose the stake into a leather sheath hanging from his belt and then made himself comfortable against the wall, work force stuffed in pockets. I waited, figuring he was joking, but when he said nothing else, I realised hed meant his words. With a shrug, I launched into what I knew.Silver always has powerful effects on any wizardly creatureit can help or hurt them if you put enough power into it. These stakes are really hard-core because it takes four different Moroi to make them, and they use each of the elements during the forgi ng. I frowned, suddenly considering something. Well, except spirit. So these things are supercharged and are about the only non-decapitating weapon that can do damage to a Strigoibut to kill them, it has to be done the sprightliness.Will they hurt you?I shook my head. No. I mean, well, yeah, if you case one through my amount of money it will, but it wont hurt me like it would a Moroi. Scratch one of them with this, and itll grade them pretty hardbut not as hard as itd hit a Strigoi. And they wont hurt humans, either.I stopped for a moment and stared absentmindedly at the window behind Dimitri. Frost covered the glass in sparkling, crystalline patterns, but I hardly noticed. Mentioning humans and stakes had transported me back to the Badica house. Blood and death flashed through my thoughts.Seeing Dimitri watching me, I shook off the memories and kept going with the lesson. Dimitri would occasionally give a nod or ask a clarifying question. As the time ticked down, I kept expect ing him to tell me I was finished and could start hacking up the dummies. Instead, he waited until almost ten minutes before the end of our session before leading me over to one of themit was a man with blond hair and a goatee. Dimitri took the stake out from its sheath but didnt hand it to me.Where are you going to put this? he asked.In the heart, I replied irritably. I already told you that like a hundred times. Can I have it now?He allowed himself a smile. Wheres the heart?I gave him an are-you-serious look. He merely shrugged.With overdramatic emphasis, I pointed to the left side of the dummys chest. Dimitri shook his head.Thats not where the heart is, he told me.Sure it is. People put their hands over their hearts when they differentiate the Pledge of Allegiance or sing the national anthem.He continued to stare at me expectantly.I turned back to the dummy and studied it. In the back of my brain, I remembered learning CPR and where we had to place our hands. I tapped the center of the dummys chest.Is it here?He arched an eyebrow. Normally I thought that was cool. Today it was just annoying. I dont know, he said. Is it?Thats what Im asking youYou shouldnt have to ask me. Dont you all have to take physiology?Yeah. Junior year. I was on vacation, remember? I pointed to the gleaming stake. Can I please touch it now?He flipped the stake again, letting it flash in the light, and then it disappeared in the sheath. I want you to tell me where the heart is the next time we reckon. Exactly where. And I want to know whats in the way of it too.I gave him my fiercest glare, whichjudging from his expressionmust not have been that fierce. Nine out of ten times, I thought Dimitri was the sexiest thing walking the earth. Then, there were times like this I headed off to first period, a combat class, in a bad mood. I didnt like looking incompetent in front of Dimitri, and Id really, really wanted to use one of those stakes. So in class I took out my annoyance on anyone I c ould punch or kick. By the end of class, no one wanted to spar with me. Id accidentally hit Meredithone of the some other girls in my classso hard that shed felt it through her shin padding. She was going to have an ugly bruise and kept looking at me as though Id done it on purpose. I apologized to no avail.Afterward, Mason found me once again. Oh, man, he said, studying my face. Who pissed you off?I immediately launched into my tale of silver stake and heart woes.To my annoyance, he laughed. How do you not know where the heart is? Especially considering how many of them youve broken?I gave him the same ferocious look Id given Dimitri. This time, it worked. Masons face paled.Belikov is a sick, evil man who should be thrown into a pit of rabid vipers for the great offense he committed against you this morning.Thank you. I said primly. Then, I considered. Can vipers be rabid?I dont see why not. Everything can be. I think. He held the antechamber door open for me. Canadian geese might be worse than vipers, though.I gave him a sidelong look. Canadian geese are deadlier than vipers?You ever tried to feed those little bastards? he asked, attempting seriousness and failing. Theyre vicious. You get thrown to vipers, you die quickly. But the geese? Thatll go on for days. More suffering.Wow. I dont know whether I should be impressed or frightened that youve thought about all this, I remarked.Just trying to find creative ways to avenge your honor, thats all.You just never struck me as the creative type, Mase.We stood just outside our second-period classroom. Masons expression was still light and joking, but there was a suggestive note in his voice when he spoke again. Rose, when Im around you, I think of all sorts of creative things to do.I was still giggling about the vipers and abruptly stopped, double-dyed(a) at him in surprise. Id always thought Mason was cute, but with that serious, smoky look in his eyes, it suddenly occurred to me for the first time that he was actually kind of sexy.Oh, look at that, he laughed, noticing how much hed caught me off guard. Rose gets rendered speechless. Ashford 1, Hathaway 0.Hey, I dont want to make you cry before the trip. It wont be any fun if Ive already broken you before we even hit the slopes.He laughed, and we stepped into the room. This was a class on bodyguard theory, one that took place in an actual classroom instead of the practice field. It was a nice break from all the physical exertion. Today, there were three guardians stand at the front who werent from the schools regiment. Holiday visitors, I realized. Parents and their guardians had already started coming to campus to accompany their children to the ski resort. My interest was piqued immediately.One of the guests was a tall guy who looked like he was about a hundred years old but could still kick major ass. The other guy was about Dimitris age. He had deeply tanned skin and was built well enough that a few of the girls in class looked ready to swoon.The last guardian was a woman. Her auburn hair was cropped and curly, and her brown eyes were currently narrowed in thought. As Ive said, a lot of dhampir women choose to have children rather than follow the guardian path. Since I too was one of the few women in this profession, I was always excited to meet otherslike Tamara.Only, this wasnt Tamara. This was someone Id known for years, someone who triggered anything but pride and excitement. Instead, I felt resentment. Resentment, anger, and burning outrage.The woman standing in front of the class was my mother.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

A Christian View of Beauty Essay

Beauty, a term once revered in ancient days as the pinnacle of physical attributes embodied in knowledge basely entities, has seemingly in this day lost much of its meaning. Phrases like troopstrap is in the eye of the beholder have surprisingly constitute commonplace, and even Christians have begun to subscribe to the nonion of aesthetic relativism. Specifically, this is the idea that strike is purely contained within the percipient and objects on their give have no aesthetic value in and of themselves.It is what has effectively stripped the briny(prenominal) essence from the old ideal of witness, and in my opinion a primary reason why at that place be so many who cannot see or refuse to see honeion in the orb today. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, the oft-heard phrase today, refers to ones belief in the subjectivity of beautythat is, aesthetic relativism. This prevailing belief dictates that my own perception of what is scenic does not necessarily correspon d to others perception of what they find beautiful.Simply because I find a song inspiring and relaxing does not necessarily mean that eitherone will and its even pretentious and rude of me to insist so. And since eachone has their own incident tastes in all types of art, it is inferred that those tastes correlate to true beauty in their own eyes. But, this whole concept of beauty in each mans own perception is severely lacking it gives our own God far too little credit for the creation itself. In my opinion, a greatly preferable reckon for one who professes to believe in a divine creator is the belief in the objectivity of beauty. perhaps the ancient Greeks were on to nearthing after all when artists much(prenominal) as Polykleitos sought the perfect proportions of beauty. such(prenominal) a pursuit required one to see beauty as objective something contained within the object itself. especially farseeing was Platos belief in the idea realm, in which perfect prototypes of every living and nonliving thing existed. It was a transcendent realm which we could never quite reach in terms of achieving this perfect idea operate. Such a theory, old as it is, is not very far from the lawfulness in my opinion.The real truth of beauty lies in none other than our own God. Nevertheless, I reckon it is necessary to divide beauty into two types to see how God influences it. There is a physical beauty in each living and nonliving thing something which can be perceived by the eye. Such beauty, I think, aligns with Platos idea form conceptthat is, we perceive things as the close beautiful when they are closest to that ideal shape from which they were wrought. Among my beliefs is that God really does have ideal forms in His own mind, from which squinch forth every single precious creation.Gods creations are often universally seen as beautiful to usforests, rivers, grasslands, domestic animals and wild animals alike are loved by us and sometimes even worshipped for thei r beauty. Their forms tend to be very similar among their own kind, and many different organizations seek to find the perfect proportions, coloring, and other attributes of them. A well-known example is the American Kennel Club, which appoints judges in dog shows who determine the ideal proportions of many breeds of dogs.In such competitions, we are striving to find the ideal, most beautiful form of dogs, which strongly hints at a belief in an archetypal idea form. Perhaps the human form itself could even have its archetypal roots in Adam and even but regardless, humans who most closely fit this prototypical form are perceived as most beautiful by others. Ugliness is the disfiguration or mutilation of this form, such as severed part or scars or even obesity. Even so, there is always some degree of the supreme beauty in each and every creation, for Gods own light can shine finished even the darkest of places.Indeed, Gods original beauty shining done us and our own creations is th e main source of aesthetic pleasure in this world. God revealed this to us in Ezekiel 1614, when He declared And your fame spread among the nations on account of your beauty, because the splendor I had given you made your beauty perfect. This constitutes a second kind of beauty, a nonphysical and more conceptual beauty. Such beauty is what normally would be seen in mans creations and his very mortalality.It can be witnessed in personalities such as a warm and inviting host, a charitable man who goes erupt of his way to help others, or something as primary as one who laughs often. And, of course, a massive demonstrator of this kind of beauty is creations of mans own design such as music, paintings, and sculptures which frequently grab hold of our emotions. The reason these things are so beautiful is simple Gods immense love when He created us and our intellects is still shown brilliantly in things which we produce.These do not necessarily have to be direct reflections of Gods own nice creations (as in the Realist style of art) His magnificence can be shown in abstract art as well. A good example is the Asian kanji form of writing, which for centuries has been numbered highly artistic and stylized. The Japanese kanji ai, or love (Appendix A) has a very smooth and majestic feel, and is capable of triggering human emotions of wonder and calmness on its own. It is a stainless thirteen strokes of a brush, yet because of Gods own love and inventiveness shining by the artist onto the paper, we can consider it beautiful.Truly, Gods creativeness can be seen in every single thing which man has created, and therefore we can see some degree of beauty in everything. Looking at the world in this objective way is doubtlessly far greater than the popular aesthetic relativist stance in contemporary culture. It introduces a sense of wonder in the individual in everything he perceives, because he has the knowledge that it was specifically created by the supreme God and pe rsonally beheld in all its doughnut as very good (Genesis 131).Hiking through mountainous forests can fill a man with such a sense of sheer majesty that it can be a religious experience, and I have personally witnessed even unbelievers profess to see a glimpse of God in such prime examples of His glorious creation. Even more typical occurrences such as a snowy nighttime under a star-speckled sky or waking up to a dazzling sunrise peeking through lush treetops can in a person bring forth extreme awe if that person accepts aesthetic objectivity through God. Maybe the subjectivity of beauty is not as enlightened as it appears to countless millions in our culture.The beauty in that captivating mountainous forest or star-speckled sky becomes to the full dependent on the individual. Its reduced to a matter of taste, and if a person finds such things wondrous, that in itself does not make them truly and rapturously divine as it does in one who believes that God Himself has joyous such occurrences. Beautiful entities are simply something which an individual deems nice or quaint to which someone else great power readily disagree, in contrast to a glimpse of the utter splendor of God.Some things are beautiful, some are ugly, and it all depends on preference whereas objectivity of beauty proclaims that beauty is to be found everyplace in varying degrees. Aesthetic relativism ultimately leads to a sense of incuriosity towards much of the world and blocking out what does not suit your taste, a sort of omnipresent mild malaise of the subconscious. It would be wiser to consider that the splendor I had given you made your beauty perfect (Ezekiel 1614), and approach the magnificent world with an ever-growing curiousness and a watchful eye for the inherent beauty present in each and every creation.